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Oxalic Acid
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Product Introduction
Product Description
Oxalic acid, chemical formula (COOH)₂ or H₂C₂O₄, typically exists as the dihydrate in the form of colorless transparent crystals or white powder. It is the simplest dibasic organic acid, naturally occurring in many plants. As an important chemical raw material, cleaning agent, bleaching agent, and metal complexing agent, it is widely used in rare earth metallurgy, textile processing, metal surface treatment, pharmaceutical synthesis, and chemical production.
Working Principle
Its core functionality is based on the strong coordination ability, reducing properties, and acidity of the oxalate ion:
Acidic Action: Provides a medium-strength acidic environment for cleaning and pH adjustment.
Reducing Action: Can be oxidized to carbon dioxide, serving as a mild reducing agent for bleaching and decolorization.
Complexation: Forms stable, soluble complexes with various metal ions such as iron, aluminum, and rare earth elements, used in metal cleaning and extraction.
Precipitation: Forms insoluble oxalate precipitates with ions like calcium, used for calcareous scale removal.
Esterification: Participates in organic synthesis as a raw material for important intermediates like oxalate esters.
Specification
Oxalic Acid Dihydrate
Main Content: Oxalic acid dihydrate ((COOH)₂·2H₂O) content is typically not less than 99.6%.
Key Parameters: Sulfate (SO₄²⁻) ≤0.05%; heavy metals (as Pb) ≤0.001%; residue on ignition ≤0.01%.
Appearance: Colorless transparent crystals or white powder.
Product Features
Moderate Acidity: Acid strength介于 organic and inorganic acids; pKa1=1.25, pKa2=4.14.
Strong Reducing Power: Can reduce oxidants like potassium permanganate, often used in quantitative analysis.
Excellent Complexing Ability: Forms stable complexes like [Fe(C₂O₄)₃]³⁻ with ferric ions, making it an excellent metal cleaning agent.
Toxicity: Moderately toxic; LD₅₀ (rat, oral) approximately 375 mg/kg; requires caution during use.
Good Water Solubility: Solubility of dihydrate at room temperature is about 10g/100mL water, increasing significantly with temperature.
Thermal Instability: Begins to lose water of crystallization at about 100°C; anhydrous form sublimates and partially decomposes above 157°C.
Crystallographic Properties: Dihydrate crystals belong to the monoclinic system, easily forming transparent crystals.
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