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Sodium Hydroxide
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Product Introduction
Product Description
Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH), commonly known as caustic soda, lye, or sodium hydrate, is a highly corrosive inorganic base. Industrially, it is supplied as white translucent flakes, granules, pellets, solid rods, or aqueous solutions. It is a fundamental chemical raw material with extensive applications across industries including chemical manufacturing, pulp & paper, textiles, metallurgy, water treatment, food processing (as a processing aid), and household products.
Working Principle
Its core functionality stems from its strong alkalinity, mediated by the release of hydroxide ions (OH⁻) in aqueous solution:
Neutralization: Reacts with acids to form salt and water; used for pH adjustment and acidic effluent treatment.
Saponification: Reacts with fats, oils, or fatty acids to produce soap and glycerol; essential in soap and detergent manufacture.
Hydrolysis: Promotes hydrolysis of proteins, esters, and other compounds; applied in food processing and cleaning formulations.
Precipitation: Forms insoluble hydroxides with metal ions (e.g., Mg²⁺, Fe³⁺); utilized in water treatment and metal recovery.
Absorption/Scrubbing: Reacts with acidic gases (e.g., CO₂, SO₂, H₂S) in gas purification and scrubbing systems.
Specification
Solid (Powder)
Sodium Hydroxide Content: Typically not less than 99.0% (dry basis), customizable to client specifications.
Key Impurity Control: Impurity limits are comparable to or adjusted for specific grades relative to flake/granule products, e.g., sodium carbonate generally ≤0.5%, sodium chloride ≤0.03%, iron oxide ≤0.005%.
Appearance: White fine powder or powdered solid, characterized by a higher specific surface area which typically enables faster dissolution rates.
Product Features
Strong Alkalinity: A 1% aqueous solution has a pH of approximately 13.5, exhibiting strong corrosivity to organic tissues and many materials.
High Hygroscopicity: The solid form readily absorbs moisture from the air (deliquesces), necessitating airtight storage.
High Heat of Solution: Dissolution in water releases significant heat. It is imperative to always add the alkali slowly to water with stirring to prevent violent boiling and splashing.
Strong Corrosivity: Causes severe burns to skin, eyes, and the respiratory tract. It is also corrosive to many metals (e.g., aluminum, zinc, tin).
Broad Reactivity: Capable of reacting with a wide range of substances including acids, amphoteric metals and their oxides, and halogenated organics.
Carbon Dioxide Absorption: Upon exposure to air, it gradually absorbs carbon dioxide to form sodium carbonate, leading to a decrease in purity.
Good Electrical Conductivity: Its aqueous solutions are excellent electrolytes.
High Efficiency: Low dosages achieve significant effects in pH control, cleaning, and chemical processes.
Product Parameters
Application
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